CIPS L5M7 問題練習

Question No : 1
Farmer Joe sells wheat and barley. He charges more when demand is high and less when demand falls.
What pricing strategy does he follow?

• A.Competitive Pricing
• B.Flexible Pricing
• C.Dynamic Pricing
• D.Variable Pricing

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正解:
Explanation:
Dynamic Pricing adjusts prices in real time to reflect market demand and supply conditions, commonly used in commodities.
Short cited term: “dynamic pricing C prices adjust to demand fluctuation.” (L5M7 Study Guide, p. 189)
Reference: CIPS L5M7 Study Guide, p. 189.

Question No : 2
Which of the following is an example of Variable Pricing?

• A.A wholesaler offers a discount when a customer buys more than 100 units.
• B.A cleaning firm charges more when demand increases.
• C.A retailer holds a January sale.
• D.A restaurant offers student discounts.

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正解:
Explanation:
Variable Pricing changes the unit price based on quantity purchased; larger volumes trigger discounts.
Short cited term: “price varies with quantity ordered.” (L5M7 Study Guide, pp. 188C191)
Reference: CIPS L5M7 Study Guide, pp. 188C191.

Question No : 3
Which of the following are incentives for suppliers to perform well on a contract? Select TWO.

• A.Revenue-based pricing
• B.Market-based pricing
• C.Outcome-based pricing
• D.Quality-based pricing

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正解:
Explanation:
Revenue-based and Outcome-based pricing share financial benefits and performance gains, motivating suppliers to excel.
Short cited term: “gainshare, revenue and outcome pricing as supplier incentives.” (L5M7 Study Guide, p. 198)
Reference: CIPS L5M7 Study Guide, p. 198.

Question No : 4
Tom, a Procurement Manager, is initiating a Supplier Rationalisation project.
What should he complete first to direct the project?

• A.Introduce Six Sigma
• B.Implement Total Quality Management
• C.Conduct SWOT Analysis
• D.Perform Spend Analysis

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正解:
Explanation:
A Spend Analysis identifies where money is spent and with which suppliers―vital to determine consolidation opportunities before rationalising the base.
Short cited term: “spend analysis precedes supplier rationalisation.” (L5M7 Study Guide, p. 203)
Reference: CIPS L5M7 Study Guide, p. 203.

Question No : 5
For which of the following supply examples is trust in the supplier least important?

• A.A bottleneck item critical to production
• B.A non-critical item with low supply risk
• C.A leverage item with high profit impact
• D.A strategic item with high supply risk

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正解:
Explanation:
Non-critical items involve low value and low risk, usually managed via transactional or arm’s-length relationships where trust plays a minor role.
Short cited term: “non-critical = low trust required.” (L5M7 Study Guide, p. 221)
Reference: CIPS L5M7 Study Guide, p. 221.

Question No : 6
Which of the following statements about supply chain knowledge is correct? Select TWO.

• A.Where supply chain knowledge is low, there is high collaboration with partners.
• B.Where supply chain knowledge is low, members tend to operate independently of others.
• C.Where there is high readiness to use technology, IT use is deliberate and structured.
• D.Where technology utilisation is low, systems and policies are consistent.

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正解:
Explanation:
When knowledge is low, members work independently; higher technological readiness creates deliberate and structured IT use.
Short cited term: “low knowledge → independent working; high tech readiness → structured IT use.”
(L5M7 Study Guide, p. 51)
Reference: CIPS L5M7 Study Guide, p. 51.

Question No : 7
The effective balancing of demand variability and inventory that achieves the optimal time a product passes through the supply chain is known as:

• A.Just-in-Time
• B.Lean Manufacturing
• C.The Theory of Swift, Even Flow
• D.Cycle Time

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正解:
Explanation:
The Theory of Swift Even Flow states that organisational efficiency improves as the flow of materials, information, and cash becomes smooth and consistent through the chain.
Short cited term: “balancing demand and inventory to achieve swift, even flow.” (L5M7 Study Guide, p. 37)
Reference: CIPS L5M7 Study Guide, p. 37.

Question No : 8
Long runs, stable product design, and inventory buffers are objectives of which business function?

• A.Sourcing
• B.Manufacturing
• C.Logistics
• D.Sales

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正解:
Explanation:
Manufacturing objectives emphasise efficiency through long production runs, stable design, and inventory buffering to ensure continuity of output.
Short cited term: “manufacturing C long runs and inventory buffer.” (L5M7 Study Guide, p. 36)
Reference: CIPS L5M7 Study Guide, p. 36.

Question No : 9
Jerry works in product development at a clothing manufacturer. The company is discussing ways of adding value for customers. Jerry suggests reducing prices could be a form of added value.
Is he correct?

• A.Yes C this is a form of added value but requires the ability of the supply chain to reduce costs.
• B.Yes C this will increase the company’s profit margin.
• C.No C added value is only a form of innovation.
• D.No C as the customer is not offered anything additional to their purchase.

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正解:
Explanation:
Added Value arises whenever the customer perceives extra benefit. Lowering prices can add value if the supply chain reduces costs to support it sustainably.
Short cited term: “price reduction is a form of added value if supported by cost efficiencies.” (L5M7 Study Guide, p. 35)
Reference: CIPS L5M7 Study Guide, p. 35.

Question No : 10
In a typical Supply Chain Quality Framework (SCQF), which of the following characteristics is likely to feature?
Select THREE.

• A.Sustainability
• B.Information
• C.Continuous Improvement
• D.Procurement
• E.Marketing

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正解:
Explanation:
The SCQF integrates factors that promote long-term excellence across the chain: leadership, stakeholder commitment, sustainability, information management, and continuous improvement.
These underpin effective quality and performance.
Short cited term: “key features include sustainability, information and continuous improvement.” (L5M7 Study Guide, p. 34)
Reference: CIPS L5M7 Study Guide, p. 34.

Question No : 11
Which approach to quality involves manufacturing only what is required, when it is required?

• A.Zero Defects
• B.Total Quality Control
• C.Total Quality Management
• D.Just-in-Time

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正解:
Explanation:
Just-in-Time (JIT) manufacturing produces goods only when required, eliminating excess inventory and waste, ensuring smooth, efficient flow.
Short cited term: “make only what is needed, when needed” (L5M7 Study Guide, p. 30).
Reference: CIPS L5M7 Study Guide, p. 30.

Question No : 12
In a supply chain, can a downstream supplier influence all aspects of quality including customer perception?

• A.Yes C downstream suppliers have the most power in the chain
• B.Yes C customer perception is derived from the supplier’s inputs and specification
• C.No C customer perception is influenced by other functions such as marketing
• D.No C a downstream supplier has no control over quality at all

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正解:
Explanation:
A downstream supplier influences most aspects of quality but not customer perception, which is shaped by marketing and brand functions.
Short cited term: “except customer perception, influenced by marketing” (L5M7 Study Guide, p. 30).
Reference: CIPS L5M7 Study Guide, p. 30.

Question No : 13
Plastic Fantastic Ltd manufactures plastic homeware. Customers can return used products to the retailer, who passes them back to the manufacturer for reprocessing.
What type of supply chain is this?

• A.Open Loop Supply Chain
• B.Forward Loop Supply Chain
• C.Manufacturing Supply Chain
• D.Closed Loop Supply Chain

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正解:
Explanation:
A Closed Loop Supply Chain reintroduces used products into the supply process for reuse, recycling, or remanufacturing, closing the product’s lifecycle.
Short cited term: “closed loop C materials re-enter supply chain” (L5M7 Study Guide, pp. 5C6).
Reference: CIPS L5M7 Study Guide, pp. 5C6.

Question No : 14
Which of the following tactics helps organisations in the middle of a supply chain protect themselves from the Bullwhip Effect?

• A.Have buffer stock
• B.Conduct due diligence on lower-tier suppliers
• C.Employ a younger workforce
• D.Trade in a strong currency

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正解:
Explanation:
The Bullwhip Effect describes amplified demand fluctuations up the supply chain; buffer stock mitigates shortages caused by sudden demand changes.
Short cited term: “buffer stock helps counter demand fluctuation” (L5M7 Study Guide, p. 4).
Reference: CIPS L5M7 Study Guide, p. 4.

Question No : 15
An organisation can leverage effective Supply Chain Management to deliver Competitive Advantage.
What is meant by Competitive Advantage?

• A.Outperforming competitors financially
• B.Becoming the leader in the marketplace through working closely with the supply chain
• C.A benefit that an organisation can use to outperform competitors in the marketplace
• D.Cost savings by narrowing the supply chain

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正解:
Explanation:
Competitive advantage is a distinct capability that allows an organisation to outperform its rivals, whether through cost efficiency, quality, innovation, or service.
Short cited term: “advantage that enables outperforming competitors” (L5M7 Study Guide, p. 2).
Reference: CIPS L5M7 Study Guide, p. 2.